CO:
115.1 (0–12400 µg/m³) –
Carbon Monoxide – a colorless gas that limits oxygen delivery in the body.
– Produced by incomplete combustion from vehicles, stoves and wildfires. High exposure reduces oxygen transport and can be life-threatening. (Low)
NO:
0.83 (0–200 µg/m³) –
Nitric Oxide – reactive gas that contributes to ozone and smog formation.
– Short-lived gas from fuel burning. Although unstable, it contributes to ground-level ozone and secondary pollutants. (Low)
NO2:
4.35 (0–200 µg/m³) –
Nitrogen Dioxide – toxic reddish gas, linked to asthma and lung irritation.
– Strongly traffic-related pollutant. Long-term exposure is associated with asthma, reduced lung function, and cardiovascular risk. (Low)
O3:
65.38 (0–180 µg/m³) –
Ozone – harmful near the ground, formed when sunlight reacts with traffic and industrial emissions.
– Unlike protective ozone in the upper atmosphere, ground-level ozone is harmful. It causes chest pain, coughing and worsens bronchitis. (Moderate)
SO2:
0.76 (0–250 µg/m³) –
Sulfur Dioxide – pungent gas from coal and oil combustion, triggers respiratory issues.
– Major contributor to acid rain. Short-term exposure irritates eyes, nose, throat and can trigger asthma attacks. (Low)
PM2_5:
0.82 (0–55 µg/m³) –
Fine Particles (PM2.5) – microscopic dust and smoke that enter deep into the lungs.
– Particles smaller than 2.5µm – from smoke, coal burning and vehicle exhaust. They bypass body filters and reach the bloodstream. (Low)
PM10:
1.09 (0–250 µg/m³) –
Coarse Particles (PM10) – larger dust, pollen and ash particles affecting breathing.
– Particles up to 10µm – from construction dust, pollen and ash. Aggravates respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma. (Low)
NH3:
1.22 (0–1000 µg/m³) –
Ammonia – gas mainly from agriculture and fertilizer use.
– Emitted by livestock farming, fertilizers and some industry. Can form fine secondary particles when combined with NOx and SO2. (Low)
