CO: 107.68 (0–12400 µg/m³) – Carbon Monoxide – a colorless gas that limits oxygen delivery in the body. – Produced by incomplete combustion from vehicles, stoves and wildfires. High exposure reduces oxygen transport and can be life-threatening. (Low)
NO: 0.12 (0–200 µg/m³) – Nitric Oxide – reactive gas that contributes to ozone and smog formation. – Short-lived gas from fuel burning. Although unstable, it contributes to ground-level ozone and secondary pollutants. (Low)
NO2: 4.37 (0–200 µg/m³) – Nitrogen Dioxide – toxic reddish gas, linked to asthma and lung irritation. – Strongly traffic-related pollutant. Long-term exposure is associated with asthma, reduced lung function, and cardiovascular risk. (Low)
O3: 67.58 (0–180 µg/m³) – Ozone – harmful near the ground, formed when sunlight reacts with traffic and industrial emissions. – Unlike protective ozone in the upper atmosphere, ground-level ozone is harmful. It causes chest pain, coughing and worsens bronchitis. (Moderate)
SO2: 0.55 (0–250 µg/m³) – Sulfur Dioxide – pungent gas from coal and oil combustion, triggers respiratory issues. – Major contributor to acid rain. Short-term exposure irritates eyes, nose, throat and can trigger asthma attacks. (Low)
PM2_5: 0.53 (0–55 µg/m³) – Fine Particles (PM2.5) – microscopic dust and smoke that enter deep into the lungs. – Particles smaller than 2.5µm – from smoke, coal burning and vehicle exhaust. They bypass body filters and reach the bloodstream. (Low)
PM10: 0.79 (0–250 µg/m³) – Coarse Particles (PM10) – larger dust, pollen and ash particles affecting breathing. – Particles up to 10µm – from construction dust, pollen and ash. Aggravates respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma. (Low)
NH3: 0.84 (0–1000 µg/m³) – Ammonia – gas mainly from agriculture and fertilizer use. – Emitted by livestock farming, fertilizers and some industry. Can form fine secondary particles when combined with NOx and SO2. (Low)
